Hangovers are caused by several factors, including: 

• Dehydration: Alcohol is a diuretic, leading to increased urination and fluid loss. 
• Electrolyte Imbalance: Loss of essential electrolytes can contribute to symptoms. 
• Blood Sugar Levels: Alcohol consumption can lower blood sugar levels, leading to fatigue and irritability. 
• Congeners: These byproducts of fermentation found in darker liquors can worsen hangover symptoms.
  

To reduce the risk of a hangover: 

• Drink in Moderation: Limit alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day for women and two for men. 
• Stay Hydrated: Drink water between alcoholic beverages to prevent dehydration. 
• Eat Before Drinking: Consuming food before drinking slows alcohol absorption. 
• Choose Clear Liquors: Opt for drinks with fewer congeners, such as vodka or gin.
  

While there is no definitive cure for a hangover, several remedies can help alleviate symptoms: 

• Hydration: Drink plenty of water or electrolyte-rich beverages (like sports drinks) to replenish lost fluids. 
• Nutritious Foods: Eating carbohydrates can help restore blood sugar levels. Foods like toast or crackers are often recommended. 
• Rest: Allowing your body time to recover is essential; sleep can help speed up recovery. 
• Pain Relief: Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or aspirin, can relieve headaches but should be used cautiously
  

Certain foods may help alleviate hangover symptoms: 

• Bananas and Apples: These fruits can help restore lost nutrients and stabilize blood sugar levels. 
• Ginger: Known for its anti-nausea properties, ginger tea may provide relief from stomach discomfort. 
• Eggs: Rich in amino acids like cysteine, eggs can aid in breaking down acetaldehyde, a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism.

The "hair of the dog" approach—drinking more alcohol to relieve hangover symptoms—is generally not recommended. While it may temporarily mask symptoms, it prolongs recovery and does not allow the body to heal.